Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Updated June 07, 2022 Reviewed by Reviewed by JeFreda R. BrownDr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, Certified Financial Education Instructor, and researcher who has assisted thousands of clients over a more than two-decade career. She is the CEO of Xaris Financial Enterprises and a course facilitator for Cornell University.
The Investor Protection Act is a component of the broader Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009, designed to expand the powers of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The act established a whistleblower reward for reporting financial fraud, increased liability for aiding and abetting, and doubled funding to the SEC over a five-year period.
Also known as the Investor Protection Act of 2009, it was introduced as part of regulators' attempt to prevent some of the problems that caused the financial crisis from reoccurring in the future.
The Investor Protection Act established the Investor Advisory Committee to consult with the SEC. The committee meets at regular intervals each year and advises on topics such as regulatory priorities and issues that surround new financial products, fee structures, and trading strategies. It also provides consultation on initiatives to protect investors' interests and promote confidence in the market’s integrity by requiring the disclosure of conflicts of interest and risks associated with investment products.
The act also increased safeguards and rights for whistleblowers, who can bring claims against employers between 90 and 180 days after discovering a violation. This included granting the SEC the authority to recommend granting whistleblowers monetary rewards of up to 30% of sanctions that exceed $1 million. In addition, the law established the SEC’s Investor Protection Fund, which awards payments to whistleblowers and supports investor education initiatives.
Further whistleblower protections offered through the act include prohibitions on employers from demoting, suspending, firing, threatening, or otherwise discriminating against employees or agents who provide information to the SEC or assist in investigations. A whistleblower is authorized to take legal action if such issues take place.
Another key element of the act deals with the regulation of credit rating agencies because of the critical role they play in the market. The rise of conflicts of interest and other problems that arose during the mortgage crisis on the part of these agencies led many banks to end up mismanaging risk, posing a threat to investors. Regulations now require credit rating agencies to be more accountable and transparent about their practices.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009 was created by the Obama administration to improve accountability and transparency in the financial system. The move was in response to the subprime mortgage meltdown that led to the financial crisis of 2008.
Dodd-Frank was created to prevent predatory lending and to help consumers understand the conditions of their debt. The act included a Consumer Financial Protection Agency that would regulate mortgages, auto loans, and credit cards. Additional powers were granted to the SEC as well that included authorization to gather information, communicate with investors and the public, and launch programs for the protection of investors.
Amendments were also made to prior legislation, including the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970 (SIPA) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Changes to SIPA include an increase to the minimum assessment paid by Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) members from a flat $150 per year to 0.02% of the member's gross revenues from the securities business. The borrowing limit on U.S. Treasury loans was also increased from $1 billion to $2.5 billion. Amendments to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act added brokers and dealers to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s sphere of oversight.
In May 2018, President Donald Trump signed a partial repeal of the Dodd-Frank Act.
In May 2018, President Trump signed a partial repeal of the Dodd-Frank Act into law after the Senate passed a bill to exempt a number of banks from the act's regulation. Trump claimed the law unfairly prejudiced certain institutions, preventing them from lending to different kinds of enterprises, including small businesses.